MANAGMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

MANAGMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY - Assignment Example (2002) stated that contrary to the standard business of product and services, customer satisfaction is intangible and challenging to measure but it is a fundamental aspect of the hospitality business. The industry involves offering an environment that mimics the customer’s comfort zone in terms of accommodation and catering as well as communication. Health and safety must be guaranteed for customers and employees to ensure accomplishment of customer expectations in the hospitality industry are perceived with greater intensity than for many other products and services (David, 2009). Garden, (2008) observed that modern technology has enhanced customer feedback mechanisms, such as the application of mobile technology for customers to place a request and to give instantaneous feedback with regards to the services offered. According to Marshall & Johnston (2009), customers are rational in their evaluation and may give positive remarks where least expected or fail to give credit whe re it is highly anticipated. Hammond et al. (2006) proposes a point of involvement and feedback check whereby employees and customers are offered a chance to indicate if they are satisfied with the health and safety measures that have been put in place within the organization at all levels of the supply chain. Electronic devices can be installed in the various facilities available for customers and employees for them to key in anonymously their views regarding their perceptions with regard to their health and safety. These include food, water and environmental safety in relation to facilities such as kitchen, toilet, bathroom, and bed or water dispenser among others. Whenever an issue is detected, it is electronically transmitted directly into the management’s notification system. Zheng (2004) observed that constant monitoring of the implementation of health and safety standards is necessary for effective improvements whenever changes are needed. Popper (2004) noted that heal th and safety surveys enhance an organizations capacity to retain and also attract potential customers as well as to retain employees. This is accomplished through well designed and implemented study questions that allow real trend exploration. Such surveys provide useful information regarding the necessary amendments to improve health and safety standards. CODEX ELEMENTARIOS was developed by the UN to control risks in 1962. It developed the hazard assessment system called HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control; Point). Health and safety study helps in risk analysis to determine if there is high risk (Critical Control Point), medium risk or low risk (control points). It is important to help in the analysis of the intensity or severity of risk and frequency of occurrence (Kotler et al. 2002). 3.0 Research Question Are employees and customers exposed to risks that may affect their well-being? 3.1 Research Philosophy, Approach and Strategy This research will be based on the genera l understanding that workers and customers are rational and will offer a true reflection of their feelings regarding their health and safety in the organization. It is assumed that they clearly understand what they need and are also capable of evaluating whether their expectations have been met. It is also expected that employees and customers will be ready to sacrifice 5 minutes of their time to

Product Costing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Product Costing - Essay Example This implies that, the cost of a finished unit in inventory will include direct materials and labor, and both fixed and variable manufacturing overheads. It is notable that, absorption costing is the most preferred method for external reporting as per the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Absorption costing is fundamental in tracing the variable costs of production and the fixed costs attributed to the production of the product (Riahi, 2001). It is imperative to note that, absorption costing is dissimilar from the other costing methods since it takes into account fixed manufacturing overhead (the counting expenses ) such as factory rent, utilities and amortization (Riahi, 2001). Absorption costing forms three different types of costing, which include job order costing, process and ABC costing. Job order costing Considering the job order costing, the costs are assigned to the product in Batches or lots (Avis & Killick, 2009). Job order method is used in companies that o ffer bespoke or distinctive products or services. It is common in service industries that, serve customers with inimitable needs. Such services may include tracing of the number of hours spent on each individual client’s account (Avis & Killick, 2009). Fundamentally, the manufacturing cost categories include direct materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. All these jobs are counted as inventory until the good or product is sold. It is essential to note that, the job order cost system requires the manufacturing costs recorded in a document called the job cost sheet. This sheet provides a detailed record of the cost incurred to complete a specific job. Consider the following illustrations that, indicates how three kinds of manufacturing costs are allotted in a job order cost system. Direct materials job cost sheet Direct Labor manufacturing overhead Fixed overhead rate It is noticeable that, direct materials and direct labor costs are allotted to jobs differently tha n manufacturing overhead costs. For instance, the direct costs, requires keeping of track of the costs of specific jobs with a set of records referred to as the source documents. Essentially a source document is a hard copy document similar to the receipt issued after payment (Horngren, Datar & Rajan, 2012). However most companies use paperless system where information is stored in electronic databases. On the other hand, manufacturing overhead comprises of the costs that cannot be directly traced to particular jobs. It is imperative to note that, on assigning these jobs, accountants should use a predetermined overhead rate based on some secondary allotment measure and cost driver. The material requisition form refers to the form that lists the quantity and cost of the direct materials used in a particular job. This is normally done before materials are used on a job. The fundamental purpose of this form is control the physical outflow of materials from inventory and into production . Similarly, a direct labor time tickets refers to a source document that shows how much time a laborer spends on a range of jobs per week. On the other hand, job cost sheet is a document that gives a summary of all the costs incurred on a specific job. Process costing Process costing refers to a costing method where all costs are